Captions and catchlines definitely help in telling the story. It is true, according to a Chinese proverb that “a picture is worth a thousand words,” yet some pictures are not independent by themselves or are self-explanatory. Pictures that particularly lack background may not be capable of sending the message to the readers as they are. They need some words to put across the message intended for the readers. That’s why we need captions and catchlines.

What is a catchline? A catchline appears to be a subtitle for a caption which is usually printed in different size or point, type or style. Some catchlines form part of the captions sentence as they are necessary to complete its thought.

What is a caption? A caption is also called a cutline, constitutes the line or lines or text that basically describe, explain, or tell something about the picture. Captions should not be so long that they become as thick as or even thicker than the picture. The standard is at least four lines for a good caption.

Guidelines in writing captions:

1. As in newswriting, the basic 5w’s and 1h are used in presenting the facts.
2. The present tense is preferred to the past tense.
3. The news elements such as prominence, proximity, timeliness, human interest, and the like are also considered.
4. A caption must be written while the picture is being viewed. It is impossible to caption a picture appropriately without looking at it.
5. Captions are basically informative yet they can be written also in such a way that they tickle readers’ emotions and minds by making them a bit intriguing.
6. Describing the obvious in the picture should be avoided.
7. Expressions like “photo shows”, “not in picture are…” do not really help to arrest readers’ attention but may insult them instead.
8. Credit lines which indicate the name of the photographer or photojournalist may be placed right under or just at the side of the photograph.

Related posts:

1. Kinds of Editorials
2. Elements of News

By far, this is the most sensible commercial I have seen. Actually, I didn’t have any clue that this is an advertisement even though before clicking it, I read “extraordinary commercial.”

Indeed, yet if there is such word beyond “extraordinary”, it would best describe this video clip.

The drama at the beginning really dragged my senses. The angelic face of the little Thai girl mezmirized by the smooth sway of the fiddle’s bow was certainly catchy. Also, the portrayal of her  inability to hear and speak was artistically done. The shot was really drawing sympathy as she walked on the street, head-down while a car, tailing her, frantically blew its horn.

The lines too were profoundly penned: “A duck tries to fly?”

“You’re wasting everyone’s time” is a stab straight to the heart enough to kill one’s determination. But this video inspiringly showed how the girl’s hopes of playing the violin died and resurrected through the old man’s wisdom.

The girl’s  bitter question “Why am I different from others,” was simply answered  by the violinist with a soul stirring “Why do you have to be like others.” Truly, each of us is unique.

Music lovers too, would surely fall in love with it as the old man said, “Music is a visible thing. Close your eyes. You will see.” What a beautiful statement. I’m  a music enthusiast but I never thought of it that way before.

The girl is deaf and mute, but definitely not blind to “see” music.

The climax was likewise striking as the antagonist young pianist untiringly and ragingly practiced for the classical music competition. The piano presentation ended with an exclamation point. Such scene was brilliantly intertwined with that of the commotion happening with the girl and the old man, how they were bullied and got her violin crushed.

I got goose bumps everytime I get to the part where the girl is on stage, the moment she started to play the violin.

The moment I found out it was a mere shampoo commercial was at the very end when it flashed “Pantene. You can shine.” My amazement while watching the clip was immediately diluted in awe with a pinch of chuckle. I needed to check on my senses and pause for a while. I was  stunned.

I then realized the reason behind the strong emphasis on the raging sways of the violinists long, shiny, black hair.

My amazement goes to the smart minds behind this brilliant advertisement which, on the surface, is not obviously selling something. I hope they also do something like this here in the Philippines.

Related posts:

1. An XX or an XY?

Editorials can be categorized according to their functions. Basically, all editorials comment on a certain issue, topic, subject matter ornews event, so editorials of comment are most common. The different types of editorials may interlap, as a single editorial may serve various purposes. Yet for the purpose of identifying some common types, we can have the following:

1. News editorial. This editorial is based on a news item; sometimes it is an interpretative news with subtle opinions.

2. Informative editorial. It presents more factual background on an issue which needs proper and probably immediate dissemination to the public while it interprets and explains the significance of such to readers.

3. Editorial of commemoration or tribute. This represents the views of the campus paper and the school, as they pay tribute to leaders, organizers, heroes or heroines, achievers and other persons or institutions particularly on certain anniversaries, celebrations, and dates to remember.

4. Editorial of argumentation. This presents both sides of an issue or may cling to one side then proves its stand.

5. Editorial of appreciation or commendation.  This editorial praises or commends a worthy deed, an achievement, victory, or success.

6. Editorial or interpretation. This interprets and explains a particular situation or event and helps in some decisions to be made.

7. Editorial of criticism. This can be positive or negative yet costructive, for it comments on a wrongdoing, an evil act, or a futile action, yet it does not particularly attack the person/s involved.

8. Editorial of crusade. This seeks to obtain people’s support for a particular program or project.

9. Editorial of reputation. This is written in response to editorials of other papers contradicting their expressed opinions.

10. Editorial shorts. These are also called editorial liners, ten-second editorials, or one-punch editorials. These are short, meaty articles, usually of one to two sentences that appear below an editorial.

11. Picture editorial. This consists of a picture or group of pictures that exposes a wrongdoing and how it can be made right or be corrected.

12. Pooled editorial. This refers to a common editorial published by different papers which comes from a single source.

13. Editorial column.  This is a personalized editorial since it is by-lined by the columnist.

14. Editorial cartoon. This is a caricature, sketch, or drawing that portrays a message, usually commenting on, reacting to, or even predicting some incidents of wide interest.

15. Editorial of analogy. This analyzes a situation and compares it with something else.

(Note: Some editorials defy classification.)

Related posts:

1. Kinds of Features
2. Tips in Editorial Writing
3. Servito Lectures on Feature Writing

Oct. 4, 2009

I admit, my feet, legs, and thighs went bigger than my husband’s. It swelled so badly that I can punch dimples on my feet that lasted seconds. Very amusing. But the thing which was not amusing in anyway was, all but one of my footwear seemingly rejected my plump feet.

It’s official, I walked like a waddling penguin — a very keen observation from my friend Apple who also had gone through some funny “waddlings” herself. I already expected this ugly duckling walk, anyway.

It’s affirmative, I gained 40 pounds! It’s just a good thing I didn’t go gaga over that fact; gratitude went to my not being weight-conscious.

With my extra pounds, it became more and more difficult for me to move around. I even needed my husband’s gentle push or pull when I got up from lying down or sitting. I wrapped my hands around his neck just to lift my upper body.

Sleeping, most of the time, did not serve as a resting time for me. It became more like a hard task. Sleeping on my left side, (for smooth blood and air circulation), then switching my heavy self to the right a few minutes later, then back to my left again, and so on. What made things worse was my aching pelvic bone. A slight twist triggered pain. I could just lose count on how many switching and twisting I did during bedtime.

Until I came to a point where I realized I should get used to the discomforts as they are all part of my pregnancy. There’s no smooth way out the nine months. Hence, I befriended the various pains. In this way I managed to at least lessen my physical distress by dealing with it emotionally.

The worst though was the constant visit to the bathroom. My practitioner advised me to drink at least two liters of water a day to compensate for the possible inadequacy of amniotic fluid as my growing baby used up more space inside. Two to four groggy midnight visits to the bathroom really spelled nightmare. Yet, it was not only me who accumulated huge, black, eye bags. I felt guilty at times that I needed to wake my husband up just to give me a good lift.

Sleeping surely became arduous as sweet dreams left me for a while.

One of the good and exciting things during my 3rd trimester of pregnancy though, was the stronger and more frequent fetal activity. My tummy began to wobble; sometimes quick waves, sometimes smooth ones. August 9 was when my husband and I had an early morning entertainment. It was his first time to see my tummy do some fancy waves. We were just so happy to conclude that our little one is a strong baby.

Indeed I felt her strength. Her tickling and poking (during the 2nd trimester) turned into full-strength kicks which actually hurt! When my baby’s feet found a resting place between my ribs, it really gave me some “ouches.” Most of the time they were unexpected that they made me jerk from my seat. A few kicks at the middle of my tutorial classes really gave me an abrupt pause with some “oohs” that left my students puzzled.

This one thing was also amusing. I did not know about this until I’ve read it from a pregnancy book and proved it to be true the moment I noticed a constant pulsation at my lower abdomen where my baby’s head was situated. It was hiccups! It was a cute happening which lasted for 10-20 minutes, almost everyday during the last two months.

My days seemed longer and longer after each sunset. I came to a point where I became impatient; I can’t wait for another day. I was really counting the hours. I pathetically became bored of my pregnancy. Nine months came like years. But my friend Marisol told me that she missed the kicks of her first born, and so I should enjoy my baby’s twists and turns while she’s still inside my womb.

My appetite on my last three months, on the other hand, became hearty (during the 2nd trimester) to voraciousness. I sort of pointed finger to my  baby every time I was accused of such. I felt hungry every hour. And I just didn’t eat – I feasted! I just couldn’t get enough.

My sisters, and friends were surprised to see me gobble like I was deprived of food for years. They laughed because they unusually see me eat like a hungry and greedy street dog.

At first, my husband liked the fact that I “eat a lot.” Before my pregnancy, he oftentimes coaxed me to finish my food or have a few more spoonfuls, for he knew I ate like a chicken since I was a child. But nearing my 7th month, he began to show a little anxiety as I started to take some bites off his cookie, take his extra rice, frequently ask him to buy me more, and eat five to six times a day!

Initially, he was worried our baby might gain too much, that I would end up with a ceasarian operation, which costs more than we could save up for. I defended that my practitioner regularly measured my abdomen, and in each time, she assured me that the size was within normal. To calm my husband’s distress, I asked her if my appetite might be too much for the baby. She told me that the extra fats might be absorbed by my body. And she added it was alright since I was so skinny, surely I needed some filling.

Undoubtedly, the last trimester was the most stressful (physically and emotionally) phase of my pregnancy. Ironically, it’s the most exciting as it hinted the near coming of my baby. With all the discomforts oddly mixed with excitements I knew at some point that these were just the tip of an ice berg.

I am yet to experience more.

almost 9 months

Related posts:

1. My Pregnancy: 2nd Trimester
2. My Pregnancy: 1st Trimester
3. The day we found out…

1. Answer as many W’s as possible in the headline without making the headline appear kilometric.

2. The headline should not state something that is not included in the story.

3. Positive heads are preferable than negative ones.

Examples:

a. P’sinan team unable to win over NCR rookies (Negative)

b. NCR wins over P’sinan team (Positive)

4. Use a verb, expressed or implied, in main heads and subheads.

5. The active verb is preferred to passive verb, except in the instance that the event is more important than the doer.

Examples:

a. GMA opens Palaro 2010 (active verb)

b. Agro-industrial fair opened (passive verb)

6. Delete article like a, an, the, and all forms of verbs of being.

7. Use the present tense even for past stories, and the infinite form for future events.

Examples:

a. Region I hosts Palaro 2010

b. South Cotabato to host Palaro 2010

8. Write numbers in figures or spell them out depending upon the alloted space for headlines.

9. Use the comma (,), the punctuation mark, instead of the conjunction and in headlines.

10. Write the position of a general word to identify a person, place, or thing that is not popular or common.

Examples:

a. Mario dela Cruz digs gold in backyard. (person is an ordinary farmer)

b. Farmer digs gold in backyard (rewritten)

WHAT TO AVOID IN WRITING HEADLINES:

1. Fat head — letters or words that are fat are so crowded that there are no more spaced between them.

2. Thin head — has wide spaces between letters or words

Example:

N  S  P  C    v  i  c  t  o  r  s    f  e  t  e  d

3. Label head — not considered a headline but merely a title or label.

Example:

Campus journalism

4. Wooden head — does not follow the S-V-O pattern (Subject-Verb-Object); considered a weak headline because of the absence of a subject or a verb.

Example:

To conduct meeting

5. Screaming head — headline of big and bold letters but story is very short and even unimportant. Headlines or some sensational papers are screaming.

6. Mandatory head — a headline that seems to command readers for it starts with a verb.

Example:

Conduct seminar on headline writing

7. Hanging preposition — in a headline, the preposition and its object should not be separated.

Example:

MNHS holds seminar on headline writing

Improved:

MNHS holds seminar on headline writing

8. Coined words — uncommon acronyms and abbreviations

Related posts:

1. Tips in Headline Writing
2. Frequently Asked Questions in News Writing
3. What are captions and catchlines?

1. Timeliness. Based on the idea that news is something you didn’t know before which is significant or interesting to a group of readers, news items are basically timely or immediate. In other words, items are fresh and new as usually indicated in the news by the use of words “today” or “yesterday” or “at present time” and the use of the present tense in news headline as one principle in journalism. Although news is basically timely, it may not be always new or fresh, for it  can be the development of an old event. There are news that are drawn from the historic past and are made to come alive by playing on or reporting the newest angle or latest development of the story. For example: Jose P. Rizal’s death in 1896 will always be presented on its newest angle as readers recall his death anniversary.

2. Popularity. Popular or prominent persons, places, or events make news. persons become popular due to their position, rank, wealth, intellect, talent, skill, personality, and achievement. Well-known places make news due to their tourism value, historical, political, economical, and social significance. Popular events are usually those that involve a multitude of people or some well-known personalities as in the case of the NBA games, Miss Universe Pageant, and film festivals. Most of the events or activities or any gathering that involves the president of the country is newsworthy. Besides, the president of a country is a significant figure and is undoubtedly a popular person. So even if the incident is routinary like the raising of the flag, if the president of a country does it on a certain occasion, it is a page one story.

3. Nearness. What readers consider interesting and important can be news but the degree of interest and importance will vary from place to place and from one set of readers to another. What is news in the province may not be news in Manila. What is important or interesting to high schoolers may not be that significant to professionals or businessmen. Nearness to the event affects readers’ interest. Reports or events that happen nearest to the readers or to those that directly involve them will be most interesting to them. However, nearness is not merely physical, it can also be emotional. As such news in Japan will be more of interest to the Japanese than to the Filipinos. But a report on the life of Filipinos in America will be interesting to the people of the Philippines because of family ties or emotional links. The election of a Filipino-American lawyer, Ben Cayetano, as governor of Hawaii has dramatically touched the Filipino nation as the story was prominently displayed on page one of the local papers.

4. Conflict. Events of ideas that involve physical or mental struggle, though these are not encouraged, would make news. These range from wars, rebellion, crimes, chaos, duel, or fist fight, and from games, competitions and even writing contests. As the various elements or criteria overlap, one event may have two or more elements portrayed as in a “word war” of two prominent personalities on a very significant issue. For this example of event, there are at least three dominant elements reflected: conflict, popularity or prominence, and significance.

5. Significance. Persons, places, events, or things that are of value, use, and significance are necessarily interesting to a set of readers. The reading public has to be warned of an approaching typhoon, an impending war, rise in prices of commodities and services, and bandits at large, even of new tax exemptions or measures. If it is worthknowing, then that must be news. Why should people be informed of such events of significance? It is because the newspapers has to serve the public and make people be more prepared and better equipped to face the trying times and life’s difficulties and tragedies.

6. Unusualness. Anything that deviates from the normal or usual flow of happenings attracts attention and, therefore, to some extent, are of interest to readers. The writer’s watchful eye, nose for news, and keen senses are for catching the peculiar, the special, the odd, the unique, the different, the rare, and the bizarre. Of course, you have heard of the Siamese twins, the mudfish baby with human lips, the three-legged cock, and thing like one for Ripley’s.

7. Emotions. Events, situations or ideas that cater to the emotions of people(not only those that tickle the minds), also make news. The poor, the street children, the disabled, the sick, — AIDS victims, are subject of emotional news reporting. Human interest situations draw various feelings from readers. Such may make the readers do something about some particular tragic events. For instance, reports on the victims of earthquakes influence readers to react to some charitable knocks to their hearts. Dramatic events like suicide, coup de tat, massacre, or hunger strikes appeal to the emotions of people, and are, therefore, newsworthy.

8. Gender. Newspapers cater to different groups of readers due to the varying interests and activities of men, women, and “in betweens”. A news is created when women invade men;s usual territories or vice-versa. Like when women first went into space exploration, or when a woman ruled a nation or when men dominated the cuisine and even reigned the laundering which society considers places for women. Example: When former President Corazon Aquino became the first Philippine woman president and when she was subsequently chosen as Time Magazine’s Woman of the Year, these two instances made big events for newspapers.

9. Progress. Reports on progress, whether physical, mental, economic, emotional, or social, constitute good news. Newspapers carry both good and bad news, for people learn from both events. It is just sad to note that generally speaking, some newspapers if not all the local papers consider “bad news as news”and “good news as no news.” The advent of development communication in the Philippine setting is good news. More developed countries in Asia like Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand practised development journalism in such a way that freedom of the press is utilized in support to the economic growth of the country as in writing articles to support government programs aimed at improving the quality of life of the people is a healthy measure for the Philippines media to practice.

10. Change. Changes that affect the majority or certain groups of people make news. Some of these changes are change in administration and policies,  change of name or popular places or events, changes of weather, fluctuating rates of exchange, change of partners of party mates, change of schedule or postponement and other major or even insignificant changes that may pave way for big events.  While some changes are unexpected, there are also expected ones.

11. Names and Numbers. Figures, statistics, numbers, and series of names also make news. Many names would also make many readers. Numbers or figures are parts of reports on a good number of newsworthy events like election results, scores in games, ratings in examinations, and percentage of passing, vital statistics for beauty pageants, number or fatalities  or casualties in catastrophes, accidents, and battles; prices of goods and services, increase in salaries, and other events that deal with figures. Names and numbers usually come together for these are two basic facts that reporters need to complete their news stories.

Related posts:

1. Kinds of Features
2. Tips in News Writing
3. Frequently Asked Questions in News Writing

1. News Feature. This is some kind of a news event but the story goes deeper than a news item as more background information and related details are presented and expounded on.

2. Character Sketch or Profile. This article features a person, popular or not, rich or poor, but has done something worth publishing or is currently engaged in an interesting or profitable endeavor.

3. Developmental feature. This features some current or newly launched projects or programs of the government that need to be disseminated and that would draw public support.

4. Service feature or “how to.” This deals with instructive articles that help readers cope with everyday living.

5. Informative feature. This is an article that is highly informative but entertaining. Eufemia Estrada’s item on “Flatulence” which educates readers on  the causes of producing such an unwanted air that may come out with a loud sound or which is soundless at times but definitely with a foul odor, is indeed informative but entertaining.

6. Personal experience feature. This emanates not only from earthshaking experiences like riding an airplane that was hijacked; being caught inside a movie house on fire, or being one of the survivors of a volcano eruption or earthquake but also even from ordinary experiences that happen everyday.  Experienced feature writers say even the most common experience can be made into an interesting feature if it is handled well.

7. Featurettes. These are very short features that can be categorized into “string of pearls”, “bright” and oddities. “String of pearls” is a collection of ideas, views and opinions on one common subject written by different persons. You may, for example, ask some few persons to write about their happiest moment, ideal teachers or how they celebrate Christmas.

“Brights” are short human interest stories that touch the readers’ hearts or make them grin, smile, or laugh.

Oddities or even “incredible” are also short human interest features that deal with unusual things, animals, and events designed to entertain the reader or make him wide-eyed for amazement, surprise, or awe.

8. Travel stories. This maybe a combination or personal experience and descriptive features. (Note: some types of features may interlap.)

Related posts:

1. Kinds of Editorials
2. What is Feature Writing?
3. Tips in Feature Writing #2

Frequently Asked Questions in News Writing
Source: Secondary Schools Handbook in Campus Journalism
By: Dr. Lourdes D. Servito

1. What is a straight news?
Answer: A straight news story as its name implies, is an article that reports about an event, incident or happening in a straight-forward manner, without embellishments.

2. What do reporters need in order to write a news story?
Answer: Each reporter needs facts.
FACTS can be taken from a lot of sources and ways.

3. Where does one get facts?
Answer: From anywhere – North, East, West, and South.
From your beat or outside of it.
From within the campus or outside. Inside or outside the classroom.

4. How does one obtain facts?
Answer:  Ask the 5 W’s and 1 H.
Interview. Read. Research. Listen. Take notes. Write. Take pictures. Compile ideas.




5. What are the 5 W’s and 1 H?
Answer: I hate it when some male lecturers would refer to the 5 W’s and 1 H as 5 wives and 1 husband. That’s polygamy!
Sometimes I want to think about the 5 W’s and 1 H as 5 walls in a house. Can you imagine that? Where is the 5th wall? Where should you put it? You may put it behind you then sit back and relax. Write your news.

The 5 W’s and 1 H are the reporter’s best friends:
a. What?
b. Who?
c. Where?
d. When?
e. Why? And How?

6. How do you call the title of a news story?
Answer: headline or head

7. What are the parts of a news story?
Answer: headline, lead, and body

8. What is the other meaning of headline?
Headline also refers to the most important and most prominent news story on the front page of a newspaper.

9. Does the news have conclusion?
Answer: The news does not end with a reporter’s conclusion, instead, the body flows naturally to a sense of finality, as in a straight news, it ends up with the least important details of the story.

10. Is it not alright to have a conclusion? Why?
Answer: If the news story would have a conclusion, it is tantamount to injecting an opinion. The news story should not be opinionated.

* photo courtesy of www.mnit.com

Related posts:

1. Tips in News Writing
2. Rules on Headline Writing
3. Elements of News

Happy World Teachers’ Day to everyone!

Amidst the turbulent waters of educational crisis,

Poverty and the trying times, we can still choose to be happy;

Paragons of righteousness and proper values we ought to be,

Yearning for a better life, and wholesome environment as one big family.

Teaching remains to be the noblest profession,

Eventhough teachers are poorly paid  but overworked;

A calling better than none from the patterns of the Master Teacher.

Called Rabbi, The Great Examplar, Jesus Christ, the Lord.

He loves us, undoubtedly, he pours upon us blessings everyday.

Even the trials and challenges are God’s blessings in disguise.

Remember to thank Him for this day and for everything else.

So let’s be happy for  God’s gifts of life and wisdom.

Doing one’s work well without equating with the pay

Assures the youth with teachers of integrity.

You and I form a family…looking forward to excellence and prosperity.

Photos courtesy of courtesy of www.tenafly.k12.nj.us, eddlay.com and www.businesscardforyou.com

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My fingers were itching to write.

I know houses are for rent, cars too, gowns, and just recently, bags and accessories also, but friends? This is something new and interesting.

* courtesy of www.trendhunter.com

Yet as I research more about this “friend for rent,” I learned that it has been a trend and a huge business going on in Japan for a couple of years now! There are actually rent-a-friend companies with 30 or so agents being paid to pretend! What a wower!

But why rent a friend?

I learned that Japanese are very much concerned on social status. Brides and grooms rent friends to attend their wedding just to impress their wife or husband-to-be and the rest of their genuine guests. With $150, a best man or a maid of honor comes in handy.

Some even rent collegues and bosses. I was surprised why they do such — it’s because of the present recession where many Japanese lose their jobs. They tug along fake bosses just to make an impression of having a nice, decent job!

It’s the fear of belittlement and embarrassment as an unemployed. It’s pretty ironic why and how they could spend extra yens at the peak of their financial struggle. It’s pathetic to conclude that they still give “social status” a better rate than practicality, specially in these days of crises.

I don’t think I have the guts to fool my friends, specially myself in doing such acting.

They likewise rent cliques on different parties and social gathering. Japanese are fond of jamming with vidoeke, and with 15,000 yens, they have an instant saguine friend to brag about. A little extra fee is charged when the phony friend sings or does a dance or a speech!

It’s interesting how they do this kind of business. The agents or the pretenders, if I may say, need to know at least enough about their “friend” and should answer every question the true friends will throw. One wrong answer or a dead air might ruin the reputation of the agent and the company he/she is working for.

My amazement intensified as I found out that “friends” are not the only ones available on the rack. Even “aunties,” “uncles,” “brothers,” “sisters,” even “mothers” and “fathers.” Name it, the rent-a-friend companies in Japan (which was said to have grown to 10) got it, in different ages and personalities!

But I was a bit saddened upon discovering some of their reasons why they rent such boguses: some divorced women rent “fathers” for their sons being bullied at school; some rent “uncles” to attend school soccer games as a number-one fan cheering his heart out for poor teenagers whose true uncles or fathers are absent on their championship game; some even rent “husbands” or “lovers” just to find a little solace in their sort of “loveless lives.”

This made me think of how lucky we are as Filipinos having a tight family bond. I am very blessed my family and friends were present on my celebrated days — on my 18th birthday, I had family and friends present more than I could ever ask for; on my wedding day, my aunties overseas even took a vacation to be there; my parents, as we were growing up, attended our school activities to show love and support. I couldn’t ask for more.

This value we put on family ties made a low divorce rate in t he country.

It is also amazing how we could find “family compounds” in almost anywhere in the Philippines; even Americans were amazed how up-to 100 people who are relatives live together in an array of houses.

Indeed, we are a family-centered country. And nowadays, with all the elements trying to dismantle and degrade the family, we should keep the knot tight.

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